Kidneys for transplant come from people who have agreed to donate their kidneys when they die deceased donors or donated by healthy people living donors. Living donors are most often family members of the patient.
There is a shorter wait time to surgery for a transplant from a living donor. This is because there is a waiting list for kidneys from deceased donors and not enough donors.
Also, patients with kidneys donated by living donors live longer and the kidneys last longer than those with kidneys from deceased donors or who just stay on dialysis.
With modern medical techniques, the living kidney donor doesn't need to be a blood family member to get a good result. About 90, patients are on the wait list for deceased donor kidney transplants in the U.
But only 10, deceased donor kidney transplants are done each year due to the lack of donated kidneys. Another 6, kidney transplants are done each year from living kidney donors. Read the latest issue of Urology Health extra, the Urology Care Foundations patient-focused magazine. This web site has been optimized for user experience and security, therefore Internet Explorer IE is not a recommended browser.
Thank you. What is Kidney Renal Failure? What are Kidneys? What is Kidney Failure? These problems can result in kidney failure: Your kidney doesn't get enough blood to filter Your kidney is hurt by a disease like high blood sugar diabetes high blood pressure glomerulonephritis damage to the kidney's tiny filters; one example: lupus polycystic kidney disease and many others Your kidney is blocked by a kidney stone or scar tissue blockage of ONE kidney usually does not cause kidney failure because the other kidney is not affected; but blockage of two kidneys can lead to an emergency.
At that stage, these signs may appear: abnormal blood and urine tests high blood pressure weight loss for no reason low red blood cell count anemia nausea vomiting metal taste in your mouth loss of appetite shortness of breath numbness and tingling confusion coma seizures easy bruising itching fatigue muscle twitches and cramps weak bones that break easily itching swelling of the hands, feet and face edema trouble sleeping. AKI is most likely to happen with: low blood flow such as after complicated surgery or an accident swelling inflammation of the kidney such as a reaction to a drug or infection sudden blockage such as by a kidney stone very high blood pressure With AKI, the kidney often returns to normal or near normal after the cause is treated.
CKD is permanent loss of kidney function. The most common causes are: high blood pressure chronic glomerulonephritis kidney damage high blood sugar diabetes polycystic kidney disease blocked urinary tract. For example, low urinary output may suggest that kidney disease is due to a urinary blockage, which multiple illnesses or injuries can cause.
Your doctor may order blood tests to measure substances that are filtered by your kidneys, such as blood urea nitrogen BUN and creatinine Cr. A rapid rise in these levels may indicate acute kidney failure. Tests like ultrasounds, MRIs, and CT scans provide images of the kidneys themselves as well as the urinary tract. This allows your doctor to look for blockages or abnormalities in your kidneys.
Tissue samples are examined for abnormal deposits, scarring, or infectious organisms. Your doctor will use a kidney biopsy to collect the tissue sample. X-ray or ultrasound equipment will locate the kidneys and help your doctor in guiding the needle. These tests can help determine whether your kidneys are functioning as they should.
Kidney failure is classified into five stages. These range from very mild stage 1 to complete kidney failure stage 5. Symptoms and complications increase as the stages progress.
This stage is very mild. You may experience no symptoms and have no visible complications. Some damage is present. This includes eating a balanced diet, regularly exercising, and not using tobacco products.
Maintaining a healthy weight is important, too. Stage 2 kidney disease is still considered a mild form, but detectable issues like protein in urine or physical damage to the kidneys may be more obvious. The same lifestyle approaches that helped in stage 1 are still used in stage 2. Also talk with your doctor about other risk factors that could make the disease progress more rapidly.
These include heart disease, inflammation, and blood disorders. At this stage kidney disease is considered moderate. Stage 3 kidney disease is sometimes divided into 3A and 3B. A blood test that measures the amount of waste products in your body differentiates between the two.
Symptoms may become more apparent at this stage. Swelling in hands and feet, back pain, and changes to urination frequently are likely. Lifestyle approaches may help. Your doctor may also consider medications to treat underlying conditions that could speed up failure. Stage 4 kidney disease is considered moderate to severe. Symptoms can include complications like anemia, high blood pressure, and bone disease. A healthy lifestyle is still vital.
Your doctor will likely have you on treatments designed to slow damage. In stage 5, your kidneys are nearing or are in complete failure. Symptoms of the loss of kidney function will be evident. These include vomiting and nausea, trouble breathing, itchy skin, and more. There are several treatments for kidney failure. The type of treatment you need will depend on the reason for your kidney failure. Dialysis filters and purifies the blood using a machine. The machine performs the function of the kidneys.
Depending on the type of dialysis, you may be connected to a large machine or a portable catheter bag. Another treatment option is a kidney transplant. A transplanted kidney can work normally, and dialysis is no longer needed.
If you have a living donor the process may go more quickly. You must take immunosuppressive drugs after the surgery to prevent your body from rejecting the new kidney. These drugs have their own side effects, some of which are serious. Transplant surgery might not be the right treatment option for everyone.
The guidelines for what you eat will often depend on the stage of kidney disease you have and your individual health. Some recommendations might include:. Beyond these general guidelines, you may also be told to avoid certain foods if you have kidney disease.
Urine color can raise flags for potential problems. Diseases and conditions that may slow blood flow to the kidneys and lead to kidney injury include:.
Diseases and conditions that block the passage of urine out of the body urinary obstructions and can lead to acute kidney injury include:. Acute kidney failure almost always occurs in connection with another medical condition or event. Conditions that can increase your risk of acute kidney failure include:. Acute kidney failure is often difficult to predict or prevent. But you may reduce your risk by taking care of your kidneys. Try to:. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Kidney cross section Open pop-up dialog box Close. Kidney cross section Blood enters your kidneys through your renal arteries. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.
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