Overview 2. Diagnosis 4. This factsheet is about perianal disease These are a group of conditions that affect the rectum and anus the end of the bowel where it meets the skin at the bottom and the skin surrounding the anus. They can be broadly grouped into four different categories based on symptoms: Itch Pain Lumps Bleeding.
Causes and treatment of itching Although sometimes socially embarrassing, itchy bottom also known as pruritus ani is very common and usually has a simple cause and remedy which can be self-managed. Causes and treatment of pain Pain around the anus is often associated with the passage of stools either during or afterward. Conditions that can cause this pain are varied but some of the most common causes are: Haemorrhoids see above.
Proctalgia fugax is an intense, self-limited pain lasting a few seconds felt in the area between the anus and the genitals.
It often comes on at night. The cause is unknown, but the condition is harmless and management is generally aimed at relieving symptoms. Avoid getting constipation by taking a high fibre diet and drinking plenty of water, around two litres a day is usually adequate.
Your doctor may prescribe an anaesthetic cream, which can relax the muscles around the anus, but may also cause headaches. Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anal canal that can be both painful especially when passing hard stools and may bleed, resulting in bright blood on the toilet paper after wiping.
Fissures usually cause problems in people of years of age. The pain may continue after opening the bowels as the anal muscles go into spasm. Again, a cream to help relax the anus muscles may help. Avoidance of constipation is crucial either through dietary changes including increased water intake, or medicines.
Abscesses are collections of pus around the bottom which result in extreme tenderness in the area. They can be red, hot and swollen and people with abscesses may feel unwell with fevers and chills. If not, abscesses need to be drained as soon as possible to relieve the pressure caused by pus. If they continue to drain after the incision, this suggests that a fistula a passage to the bowel may have developed.
All abscesses and persistent anal discharge should be seen by a doctor. Causes and treatment of bright red bleeding There are many causes of bleeding from the bottom, most of which are harmless. Anal fissures see above can lead to bright blood on the toilet paper, usually associated with pain. Haemorrhoids see above are the most common cause of bright red bleeding from the bottom blood can also appear on the outside of the stool, on the toilet bowl and on toilet paper and about half the population have haemorrhoids by the age of They are also very common among pregnant women.
Haemorrhoids are often related to excessive straining when passing stools and are caused by the veins that line the anal canal stretching under pressure and bleeding.
Uncomplicated haemorrhoids usually cause no symptoms. Sometimes, they can protrude out of the anus prolapse and may be felt as a small lump, which can be tender to touch. If haemorrhoids are painful it is likely that a clot has formed in the vein but other causes of anal pain see above are possible and medical advice should be sought. Treatment is usually initially about increasing intake of water and fibre to soften the stool but if these methods are unhelpful, a referral to a specialist may be required.
Causes and treatment of lumps around the bottom A doctor should examine all lumps of this kind as rarely they may prove to be tumours. Skin tags: these are painless fleshy folds of skin found in the anal area. Persistent anal itching may be related to a skin condition or other health problem that requires medical treatment. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Anal itching is a common condition. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Breen E, et al. Approach to the patient with anal pruritus. They can help determine potential causes and help you feel more comfortable. Anal itching, or pruritus ani, is a common symptom of a variety of conditions.
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