It is not safe for the embryo. IVF on its own does not reveal anything about the sex of the embryo. In the conventional method, a doctor retrieves a woman's eggs and fertilizes them in a Petri dish. After letting the resulting embryos grow for a few days, the doctor looks at them under the microscope and implants one or more of the embryos that appear to be most viable in the woman.
However, over the last 20 years, women and couples have increasingly had the option of adding a screening step to their IVF cycle, which determines a lot about the embryos, including gender. One type of more general screening, known as pre-implantation genetic screening or PGS, involves taking one cell from the embryo and looking at its chromosomes.
The rest of the embryo is frozen while doctors carry out the test. It helps doctors determine which embryos are most viable and rule out chromosomal abnormalities responsible for conditions such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome. Should we worry about gene editing? Sauer lets couples decide if they want to know the sex of the embryos and if so, to choose which to implant. They know the questions are coming -- it's part of the informed consent when couples order the screening -- and most of them do want to know the sex of the embryos and also want to decide which gender to implant, Sauer said.
Some doctors have argued that manipulating the embryo in order to do the screening carries " intrinsic risk " to the embryo. Despite these concerns, there is currently no evidence that it is unsafe, Sauer said. Likewise, there is growing evidence that IVF in general is safe, Sauer said. A study looked at more than a million assisted reproductive technology procedures between and and found no evidence for concerning complications , although there were increases in reports of ovarian pain and other side effects.
If anything, the screening step may lead to safer pregnancies. The better job doctors can do at determining which embryos are most viable, the more likely they may be to implant only one embryo and reduce the "epidemic of multiple births in this country," Sauer said. Adams has a strong family history of girls being born, with his only brother having produced two girls, and three cousins also having had a total of seven female and one male offspring.
Adams underwent genetic analysis of the "sex ratio" percentage of "X" and "Y" sperm of his total sperm production. His total sperm count was 38 million per ml. After separating his sperm for the desired gender, we would be left with a sperm count of at best, million. This would not be enough to allow for a reasonable chance of the couple conceiving with simple sperm selection and insemination. Advised of the situation concerning their sperm sex ratio, the couple wisely elected to proceed with the IVF-PGD option.
They were rewarded with a twin pregnancy that resulted in the birth of two healthy, male infants. While we exist to provide high quality medical services, we very strictly adhere to guidelines that have a history of providing excellent outcome results.
While we cannot "guarantee" a desired outcome to anyone, we can now come as close to a guarantee as science allows. Consider the next scenario:. Couple 2 This British couple presented to us with a history of having produced three boys over the past seven years. With very few female offspring in either of their families, they were interested in sex selection aimed at the production of a female.
They undertook an initial telephone consultation with me, Dr. Steinberg, that indicated their suitability for our program so long as some initial blood tests the Doctor requested were in order.
The blood testing was ordered from a hospital laboratory near their home in London. One week later, the initial blood screening results showed them to be excellent candidates for the gender selection procedure. Total sperm count on the male was 88 million per ml. The couple were directed to one of the several fertility centers in London that we work with who assisted us in the preparation of the patients for the procedure.
They began their procedure under the co-direction of our program working with the medical team in London. Two weeks later, they arrived in Los Angeles.
Their travel and lodging arrangements had been coordinated with our travel desk who had a car meet them at the airport in Los Angeles. They were transported to the hotel they had chosen and the next morning undertook the egg harvest at our facility. After our modified sperm preparation separation, we obtained 34 million sex selected sperm per ml.
The PGD analysis of the embryos produced after insemination of the eggs demonstrated 3 healthy female embryos and 7 healthy male embryos, along with 2 abnormal embryos. Two normal female embryos were transferred to the uterus. The couple returned home after two "extra" days of tourism in Los Angeles and two weeks later a pregnancy test was positive.
A single healthy female birth resulted. Couple 3 Lisa and David were referred to us by a local fertility program near their home in Toronto, Canada. They presented to their local program with a request to assist them in their desire to become pregnant with a boy. Lisa underwent a tubal ligation 3 years earlier after the birth of their third daughter.
Lisa and David explained that they felt that they had "reached their limit" after having 3 children and undertook the tubal ligation. Myth 3: To increase likelihood for a boy, women should increase potassium in their diet.
One study indicated that there was an association between potassium and having a male baby, but offered only minimal proof that this was a reliable method. Myth 4: Women who use an expectorant like cough syrup can increase the fluidity of their cervical mucus to lubricate the way for Y-chromosome sperm. Myth 5: Changing the pH factor in the vagina can help. If you make the vagina more acidic by using a vinegar douche, it favors a girl.
If you make it more alkaline by using a baking soda and water douche, it favors a boy. Currently, the only way to guarantee sex is a technique called preimplantation genetic diagnosis PGD , where a single sperm is implanted in the egg in a type of in vitro fertilization called ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A cell of the developing embryo is tested to determine sex prior to placement in the uterus of the mother.
But Dr. Because the male sperm tend to be a little lighter, they can be separated through centrifugation or other processing procedures. However, she says, this only increases the odds by a few percent.
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